Now, I know we have highlighted on the bit about, you know, measuring program output and program outcome and impact assessment, but could you just, uh, Praveen, quickly tell us how does your organization measure the success of the program or the projects that it has supported?

Yeah, so I talked about education. Now, as she said, you can't really look at education over just one or two years. I mean, you need to really look at, let's say you have a child whose education started from nursery or pre-primary, primary, whatever. For the child to get to an educational level of even up to 12th standard, you are looking at the impact of 12 years, not just one year or two years. So, when we choose any particular educational institution to be supported, we look at giving them the long-term benefit.

Then, of course, you can see how many students from that institution passed and got some kind of jobs, whether it would be in the form of entrepreneurial jobs, or as entrepreneurs, or working somewhere, not necessarily in the organized sector but an unorganized sector. That's one criteria of looking at the impact. But year on year, we can also look in terms of, you know, what's the passing percentage, what kind of marks these students got, what kind of a participation they had in the extracurricular activities, and did they get certain awards, rewards, recognition, whatever. I think we encourage an all-around development of the child, and that's where we measure the performance of the impact assessment.

In the areas of health, of course, you can say that impact can be seen much more regularly than what you can see in education. So you can see, you know, how many patients were treated and they were cured. We don't just look at the normal medical centers, but we also look at some of the work which is being done on long-term diseases which have really created a big negative impact on the country. It could be in the area of cancer, it could be in the area of, uh, we look at even child nourishment or some of these areas and how our contribution can be very effective. So that's how we try to look at the impact assessment.

Yes, thank you. I must say that this is where NGOs who specialize in this particular impact assessment really help. Because, as he mentioned, it's not our business to really look at, and we can't really hire those kinds of experts. So, the best way is to go to the specific NGOs who can really do a very good job in terms of impact assessment, and they're specialists in that area.

Yes, yes, Praveen, thank you. The point that you make is also actually very valid that, you know, one year or three years is too less a time to actually identify or to analyze the kind of impact that any particular program is making.

So, quickly to summarize what we've discussed, we all agree that yes, CSR is here to stay. Companies are going to grow over a period of time, as a result of which the funds flowing out to NGOs is also going to drastically increase over the years. And NGOs now also have an insight as to what it is that corporates look for.

So, all said and done, with all its ups and downs, what the year 2020 has done for CSR is that it has officially upended the CSR movement for most companies, and they've now actually taken that path towards doing the CSR activity in a much more organized manner.